Cody Todd
Underground Injection Control Lead
ExxonMobil
What is CCS?
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a process that captures carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, transports the CO2, and injects it deep underground for permanent storage. The CO2 is stored in secure rock formations located far below drinking water sources, often in the same types of formations that have held oil and gas for millions of years. CCS is a proven, regulated, and closely monitored process that reduces emissions while supporting essential industries, economic growth, and long-term sustainability goals.
Why is it needed today?
CCS is widely recognized as a critical tool for reducing emissions while meeting growing demand for lower-carbon products such as steel, cement, and fertilizer. CCS allows these industries to reduce emissions while continuing to provide products essential for everyday life. By balancing environmental goals with economic needs, CCS helps industries remain competitive and meet increasing market expectations for lower-carbon products. It enables essential industries that are pillars of the Louisiana economy to remain competitive while meeting the demand for lowercarbon products across global markets.
How is the process monitored and regulated?
CCS projects operate under strict regulations designed to protect drinking water, human health, and the environment. The Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program, established under the Safe Drinking Water Act, governs underground injection activities. In 2023, Louisiana received authority from the EPA to regulate Class VI CCS wells after demonstrating standards as protective as federal requirements. Projects must complete detailed geologic studies, address potential leakage pathways, meet rigorous well construction standards, and conduct extensive monitoring and reporting before, during, and after injection to ensure safe operations and groundwater protection.
What about potential impacts to property rights and groundwater safety?
CCS projects must comply with state laws governing surface and subsurface property rights, including compensation where applicable. Protecting groundwater is a core regulatory requirement. CO2 is injected far below drinking water aquifers and separated by thick, impermeable rock layers. Injection wells are built with multiple layers of steel and cement to prevent leaks and isolate the stored CO2. Ongoing monitoring helps verify safety throughout the life of the project. Similar underground injection activities have safely operated for decades.
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